Strategy 1. Be concrete and constructive. Although programs can, and often do have symbolic resonance, they cannot be merely symbolic. (Gandhi’s spinning wheel was an ideal combination).

Strategy 1
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Strategy 2. Try to find “stealth” issues whose significance will be underestimated by the opposition – until it’s too late.

Strategy 2
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Strategy 3. Most importantly, tackle “keystone” issues that could weaken the whole system if successful. In other words, actions that significantly undermine the oppressive power’s “pillars of support.”

Strategy 3
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Strategy 4
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Question: Why is merely symbolic action relatively weak?

Question: What is means by “stealth issue” and “nonviolent movement”?

Question: What does “keystone” mean in this context and why is it significant?

Strategy 4. Be constructive whenever possible and resistant when necessary.

Questions:

A. Why not just be resistant in the first place if you know you’ll have to do it eventually?

B. Is constructive program a form of resistance?

C. Can you think of any movements today that reflect this fourth strategy?

Strategy 5. Form a strategic overview that balances constructive and obstructive measures; shifting to one or the other as appropriate.

Strategy 5
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Question: How would having the capacity to:

A) carry out obstructive and/or constructive measures, and

B) be able to choose whatever is appropriate at a given time,

strengthen the campaign?